The cause, symptoms of arthrosis, methods of complications and treatment

Arthrosis is a joint disease, considered dystrophic and is associated with slow cartilage destruction in the joints.With arthrosis, for a long time, changes occur, restructuring of the articular end of the bone, the process of inflammation is underway and the deterioration of the periosematic tissue occurs.Things like "arthrosis" also include a very large group of articular diseases from degenerative-inflammatory properties, which have different causes and the same mechanism in their development.

Arthrosis is considered the most common joint disease in the world, according to statistical data to one degree or another, up to 80% of the world's population suffering from arthrosis.This type of exercise is very common, and is in third place, after oncology and cardiovascular disease.

The probability of developing arthrosis with age increases.The disease is the same -affecting men and women, the only exception of arthrosis from the joints between -phalanx, as it is most commonly observed in women.Arthrosis overcomes people at work - from 30 years and every year the number of sick people steadily and continues to increase.

The cause of arthrosis

Arthrosis develops due to metabolic disorders in the joints, which in turn leads to the fact that the cartilage begins to lose elasticity.This can be facilitated by complete or partial loss of proteoglic cartilage composition, this occurs, as a rule, due to a relatively deep fracture in the cartilage itself.Loss of proteoglican can occur for other reasons: due to the failure of their production by joint cells.

The following causes can affect the events and development of arthrosis:

• Previous injury.It can be dislocated, bruised, bone fractures, ligaments and other damage.
• Metabolic disorders.
• Excessive weight, leading to additional burden on the joints.
• The process of inflammation in the joints is acute purulent arthritis.
• Old age.
• Low power quality.
• Hypothermia.
• Autoimmune disease - red lupus, rheumatoid arthritis.
• General intoxication of the body.
• Frequent flu.
• Specific inflammation - syphilis, tuberculosis, sign of sign, gonorrhea.
• Thyroid disease.
• Blood clotting violations (hemophilia).
• Pertes disease is a violation of blood supply to the femoral head.

Also, at risk, in the near future, diseases such as arthrosis, are people whose professions are: Mason, Miner, Fishermen, Iron, Metallurgy - and other areas related to increased physical labor.

Symptoms of arthrosis

Symptoms of arthrosisThere is pain in the load on the joints, which decreases when the joints rest;Reduces joint mobility, crisis, feelings of muscle tension in the joints.Together with the arthrosis may be swollen periodically, and over time.

Consider 4 large groups of arthrosis symptoms:

• Sore.The presence of pain is the first sign of joint arthrosis.It can be assumed that with any damage, the same sensation occurs, but with pain arthrosis has several features.First, this is a sudden occurrence of pain or significant discomfort during movement.It will be located in the place where the joints are located.When one stops movement and goes into rest, the pain passes.At night, a person practically does not experience unpleasant sensations, except during the body, finding the optimal position - the patient quietly falls asleep.Pain occurs during rest only at the developmental stage of the disease, they are similar to dental bastard when one is unable to sleep.They showed themselves closer in the morning - at 5am.Therefore, at the beginning of the pain there is almost no pain, it can only be felt by the burden or palpation, over time a person's suffering is intensified, and the joints require more rest.Then life is completely turned into torture - Hyaline cartilage is spared, bone exposed, osteophytes begin to grow.Acute pain is almost always, increasing in bad weather and full moon.
• Crunch.Symptoms of the same arthrosis indicate the presence of crisis.It became heard due to the fact that the softness of the bone in the joints was reduced, they rubbed each other, as a result of the characteristic sound.Disadvantages can be heard with other diseases, and even healthy joints.But it is a problem distinguished by its "dry" sound.The more the disease lasts, the brighter.Moreover, if the problem is heard, the pain will be felt.This is what makes it possible to distinguish the sounds made by the joints with arthrosis from the common harmful clicks.
• Reducing mobility in the joints is another symptom of arthrosis.In the early stages, this phenomenon did not disturb the patient, but with the development of arthrosis, bone neoplasm proliferation leads to the fact that the muscles are spasmodic, and the articular gap is almost completely lost.This is the cause of the immobility of the body at the destination.
• Modify together.The modification is determined by the fact that osteophytes grow on the surface of the bone and the synovial fluid arrive.Although deformation is one of the latest symptoms, when arthrosis has hit the joints in a large -scale.

The course of the disease is characterized by the severity of the severity and the level of forgiveness.This significantly complicates arthrosis -free diagnosis, depending on its own sensation.Therefore, it is necessary to find an explanation of the diagnosis to the doctor.

The degree of arthrosis

Arthrosis is characterized by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the joints that will pursue a person in the form of a chronic disease.The result of such destruction is the loss of cartilage joints, pathological changes in its capsules and synovial shells, in ligaments and bone structure.

It is common to distinguish between three degrees of arthrosis, which characterizes different severity in the disease and has a variety of symptoms.

1 degree arthrosis

In the first stage of the development of arthrosis, serious changes in joint morphology are not complied with.Only the synovial fluid composition is interrupted.It supplies tissue along with worse nutrients, so the cartilage loses its resistance to the usual load.This leads to the fact that the cartilage is inflamed, one suffering from pain.

Patients may complain of insignificant stiffness in the joints, but most often they do not pay attention to these feelings, which links the violation of health changes in the weather, discomfort, etc.

Sometimes weak problems can be heard in the affected joint area.Pain can be painful.If the disease is diagnosed at this stage, it may be able to overcome its conservative method.

2 degrees arthrosis

The second stage of arthrosis is accompanied by the destruction of cartilage.Bone growth appears on the edge of the joints.The stronger the burden, the stronger the cartilage of the joint will be destroyed.

A person suffers from persistent pain, which he or she is used to.Inflammation is now soothing, then worsening again.

The muscles that surround the joints will lose their former function, but most often such disorders are weak or moderate.Therefore, at this stage, one can refuse to visit a doctor.

After a short load on the feet, one may experience fatigue.At the same time, pain in the joints becomes acute.Christ during movement is increasing, explained by bone growth.

It is in the second stage of the development of arthrosis in the joints that the deformation process begins, so you must seek medical help.

3 degrees arthrosis

The third stage of arthrosis is the worst.The affected joints of the joints are not only depressed, but also start to collapse, and the pathological focus is quite large.The joints are very defective, affecting the normal axis of the limbs.

Ligaments surrounding the joints previously loses their functional activity, short, affecting the movement of the arms or legs.

During this time, one has a contract and subluxation.The muscles that surround the joints are shortened and stretched, they are difficult to contract.The connection itself and the nearby cloth suffered insufficient nutrition.

A person is tortured by severe pain, it is acute and sharp.Despite rest, the patient suffers from significant discomfort.The third stage of arthrosis is associated with the risk of loss of human ability.

Type of arthrosis

Depending on the cause of arthrosis, the disease with the unclear etiology, that is, idiopathic arthrosis, is distinguished.Often, it is diagnosed in people over 40.There are also secondary arthrosis, which occurs in the background of clear causes (after injury, with joint inflammation, with endocrine disease, etc.).

In addition to the fact that arthrosis is classified depending on the cause of its occurrence, the following types of diseases are distinguished:

• Knee arthrosis or gonarthrosis.This is the most common type of disease.At the same time, the knee joint suffers.Pathology is diagnosed most frequently in people with overweight, against the background of metabolic deterioration in the body, as well as due to stress.The disease has developed for years, in the final stage, the knee completely loses its mobility.
• Ankle arthrosis.In this type of disease, the ankle joint is affected.The disease develops against the background of injury, with ligaments, due to displacement, gout, and diabetes.Sometimes the cause of the pathology is rheumatoid arthritis.Often, arthrosis ankles are diagnosed in people whose work is associated with excessive loads in this area: in dancers, athletes, in women wearing high shoes.
• Shoulder arthrosis.The main cause of pathology is considered to be congenital defects of the shoulder joint, or excessive load on it.Risk groups include carriers, plaster and busy people with hard manual labor.This also includes elbow joint arthrosis.
• Arthrosis of the hip joint or coxarthrosis.This is one of the most difficult types of pathology.The main reason is age -related changes in the articular tissue.Risk groups include people over 40.
• Cervical arthrosis.Causes that can lead to the development of this pathology: inadequate mobility of the cervical spine, obesity and injury.Risk groups include people involved in inactive work.In addition to the main symptoms of arthrosis in the form of pain and restriction of joint mobility, the patient has dizziness, headache, and sometimes loss of consciousness.This is due to the involvement of the vertebral artery in the pathological process, which feeds the brain.
• Osteoarthrosis of the hands and fingers.In this case, the wrist joint is damaged, the finger joints, and others.Often, women who enter during menopause are pathological.
• Spondylarthrosis where joints and cartilage are suffering.The disease often develops in people aged, after 65 years.Women are mainly suffering from it, which is explained by the decrease in estrogen levels after the climax.
• In polyosteoarthrosis.This is a degenerative disease disease in which the peripheral joints, ligaments and tendons suffer.The spinal joints may be involved in pathology.

The complication of arthrosis

If arthrosis does not pay proper attention, do not treat it in time and properly, this can lead not only to complete destruction of diseased joints, but also changes in spinal biomechanics, which is why the hernia in the intervertebral disc may appear and the development of arthrosis in healthy joints can begin.Complications of joint arthrosis are best not to allow.

The following pathology is distinguished as the main complication of arthrosis:

• Destruction of joints.
• Modify together.
• Identification of movement.
• Patient defects.
• Biomechanical violations of the spine and other joints.
• Intervertebral disc hernia.
• Reduces the standard of life of the patient.

Diagnosis of arthrosis

To make a diagnosis, the doctor must interview and examine the patient.Then he will appoint him as the affected joint x -Ray.

Picture X -ray is done most frequently in 2 projections.This study allows you to visualize dystrophic changes in tissues, damage the cartilage and adjacent bones.The articular gap in patients with narrow arthrosis, defective bone site, bone growth, osteophytes can leave.Sometimes the joints themselves lose stability, leading to dislocation.

The first sign of arthrosis, which can be described in X -Ray, is the presence of osteophytes.First, the edge of the articular surface only becomes sharp.In the future, they thicken, and then growth and spikes appear on them.The joint gap has become when the pathology takes place.

Depending on the radiological image produced, the doctor may make the following diagnosis (Kellgren-Lawrence classification is taken as a basis):

• Arthrosis is doubtful.It is not possible to determine the level of narrowing of the joint gap, but small osteophytes can be seen.
• Soft arthrosis, where osteophytes are well described, but there is a doubt about narrowing the gap.
• Moderate arthrosis is diagnosed when the joint gap is clearly narrow and osteophytes are clear.Sometimes bone deformation is found.
• Severe arthrosis is accompanied by significant narrowing of the joint gap and the formation of large osteophytes.The joints will be defective.

If the doctor needs more information on the condition of the joints, then he or she may direct the patient to pass CT, Arthroscopy or MRI.To evaluate the quality of synovial fluid, the articular puncture is performed.

Method of treatment

It is best to treat the joints in the early stages, the treatment itself should be pathogenetic and complex.The essence of treatment is to eliminate the causes that contribute to the development of the disease, it is also necessary to eliminate inflammation changes and restore the function that has been lost earlier.

Comprehensive arthrosis treatment including drugs that have anti -anti -analgesic and analgesic properties, physiotherapy procedures should also be performed, which has analgesic effects on the joints.If treatment is performed at a spa resort, it is made up of climate conditions that act well on the joints, as well as the use of mineral waters and mud.

Arthrosis treatment is based on several basic principles:

• Damaged joints should be removed from excess load.If possible, during treatment, it must be reduced generally to a minimum.
• Following the established orthopedic regime.
• Physiotherapy training classes.
• Physiotherapy routes, which include magnets and electrotherapy, shock waves, and laser therapy.
• Sanatorium treatment.To do this, it needs to be once a year, at the recommendation of a doctor, undergoing course treatment at a specific resort.
• Joint saturation with oxygen, or oxygenotherapy joints installed in it.
• Therapy with medicine.
• Inside, bone restrictions, as well as metrophy compression.
• A rational approach to nutrition.

Physiotherapy treatment

You can overcome arthrosis using physiotherapy treatment methods.

These include:

• Uvt.Shock wave therapy makes it possible to get rid of osteophytes, which is a bone process.They are the main causes of pain.Waves soften this growth and after a while they are absorbed.In parallel, joint power improves, metabolic processes is normalized.This procedure is only effective in the early stages of the development of the disease.In addition, only a doctor can appoint him, as he has many contraindications.
• Myostimulation.This method is based on muscle stimulation by electrical impulses.This procedure is shown for the treatment of patients who are forced to adhere to the bed break after injury.This method is not often prescribed for arthrosis, although it allows you to normalize blood flow to the problem area and improve muscle tone, which allows for a deadline for joint recovery.
• Phonophoresis.In this method of treatment, the joints are exposed to waves and ultrasound drugs.The effects of drugs are increasing, as they will be delivered "exactly at the destination", and the cells will better learn it.
• Ozonotherapy.This method involves the introduction of a mixture of gas into the joints.Patients are lost, inflammation decreases, joint mobility is normalized, and blood circulation improves.Treatment is performed in the course.Their period depends on the severity of the pathological flow.

The type of surgical treatment

When it is not possible to overcome the disease by conservative methods, the patient is directed to surgery.

Surgical intervention methods include:

• Performance Performance.This is not only therapeutic, but also diagnostic methods.During its implementation, the needle is inserted into the joint, taking a little fluid.In the future, it is sent for analysis.This method allows you to remove the burden from the joints, as well as deliver the drug to it, for example, corticosteroids.
• Arthroscopy.At the same time, arthroscope is introduced into the joints, where several small pieces are made on the skin.This procedure makes it possible to assess the condition of the joints from the inside.During arthroscopy, doctors can remove unnecessary cartilage, thus delivering someone from pain.
• Near the articular osteotomy.This operation turns to the fact that the joint bone is slightly installed and set in the correct position.This allows you to reduce the burden in the defeat zone, as well as save someone from pain.Although the procedure is quite effective, they rarely use it, as they are carried out under anesthesia and require a long recovery period.
• Replace your own joints with prosthesis.Endoprosthetics is used if the joints are very defective and cannot be restored.This is a difficult operation that requires a lot of money.The prosthesis itself is made of materials such as: metal, ceramic, plastic.After intervention, one is restored for a long time, may experience pain.Although it is often impossible to help patients in other methods, otherwise one can completely move.High quality prosthesis can last for 20 years.During this time, one will not experience any problems with movement.

Drug

Let's consider in more detail the drug treatment:

• Anti -inflammation.Starting arthrosis therapy is comprehensive, you can slow down the disease and largely improve the quality of life.It is worth staying in more detail at some point of treatment.In particular, therapy with medicine is included in the early stages - this is the removal of pain, as well as the elimination of inflammation processes that occur in the joints.
• Hormone corticosteroids.When arthrosis is at a severe stage, hormone corticosteroids are advised.They are inserted into the joints.Outside, you can use special patches, ointments or tinctures, made on the basis of burning peppers.
• Preparations aimed at restoring cartilage and increasing the high quality composition of synovial fluid will not be excessive.The course lasts for a long time until the time has occurred.  

If the case is very difficult, then taking narcotic analgesics can be set.But they are used very rarely when the rest does not have the desired effect.

Proper nutrition for arthrosis

Separately, it is worth staying in nutrition during the hunting of the disease.There are also certain suggestions here - you cannot eat too much, as this will contribute to the accumulation of extra pounds, but it is impossible to starve, as the supply of cartilage with important elements will be broken.Priority tasks, facing patients with excess weight are decreased.To do this, it is only necessary to get rid of carbohydrates from the diet, they are contained in all flour and sugar products.Alcohol falls under the ban, and first of all beer.

There are no complaints about fish dishes - they can be used enough, of course, in reasonable quantities.But you can't lean on a very fat type, as they have a lot of calories, which means that extra pounds will not come for long.

An important role in the treatment of arthrosis is given to cold dishes.Surprisingly, this dish is recommended to include all the doctors in the diet.Such foods will be the real warehouse of the trace element for the joints.The most important component of this dish is natural collagen.It is absorbed by the body quickly and is the basis of any connective tissue.Thanks to the permanent use of jelly, good results can be achieved - the joints will be more mobile, the fabric that covers their fabric - elastic, and the cartilage and bones will gain strength.

Don't forget about taking regular vitamins with foods.For patients with arthrosis, vitamin B is very relevant

Pyridoxine will help with hemoglobin production.“You can get it "by eating bananas, nuts, cabbages and potatoes.

Observing the treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor, it can be achieved that the disease will retreat, and the damaged tissue will begin to recover.