Arthrosis is a chronic joint disease, accompanied by pathological changes in the Hyalin cartilage, and subsequently in adjacent tissues, joint capsules and synovial shells.
The defeat is dystrophic and degenerative, leading to changes in the articular tissue structure, loss of function.In line with the same statistical data, arthrosis is subject to 12% of the population of the planet.From 62% to 65% of all episodes of the disease fall in people over 60.
Another 30-35% of cases of damage to this pathology is in patients ages 40-60.And about 3% are young people ages 20-40.
What is it?
In short, arthrosis is a chronic disease in which progressive degenerative-dystrophic changes develop in the joints due to infarction of metabolic processes.It is the most common joint pathology, diagnosed in 6-7% of the population.With age, incidents increase dramatically.
Often, with arthrosis, small brush joints are involved in the pathological process (in women 10 times more often than in men), toes, intervertebral joints of the thoracic and cervical spine, as well as knee and hip joints.Knee and hip joint arthrosis occupies the main place in terms of severity of clinical manifestations and negative effects on the quality of life.
Arthrosis is characterized by comprehensive damage to articular and additional devices:
- Chondritis - changes in inflammation in the cartilage of the joints;
- Osteitis - involvement in the pathological process of the subject's bone structure;
- Synovitis - inflammation of the inner capsule shell;
- Ass - the defeat of the perioseman bag;
- Reactive inflammation of the soft tissue (muscle, subcutaneous fiber, ligaments) located in the projection of the joints involved (periarticular inflammation).
The disease is detected in 2%of people under 45, in 30%-from 45 to 64 years and 65-85%65 years and above.The greatest clinical importance, due to their negative effects on the standard of living and capabilities of the patient, is the large and moderate joint arthrosis of the body.
Type of arthrosis
Depending on the cause of the pathological process, the main, secondary and idiopathic arthrosis are distinguished in the joints.
The main develops as a free, secondary, injury or infection, and the cause of idiopathic forms is unknown.In addition to the classification of the disease, depending on the cause of the pathological process, arthrosis is distinguished in the localization of damaging changes:
- Gonarthrosis is the most common type of pathology, characterized by damage to the knee joint.Often, gonarthrosis is detected in people with overweight, with chronic metabolic disease in the body, poor immunity.Knee arthrosis lasts a long time and gradually leads to full loss of motor function.
- Shoulder joint arthrosis is the main cause of the degenerative process in this area is congenital abnormalities of shoulder shoulder development or excessive load in this zone, for example, when wearing heavy shoulder treasures.
- Ankle arthrosis - the main cause of the development of degenerative processes in the ankle joint injury, dislocation, stretching, fracture.In some cases, the development of pathological processes can trigger autoimmune disease - rheumatoid arthritis.Arthrosis of the ankle is exposed to dancers, women wearing high heels, athletes.
- Unkoarthrosis or cervical area arthrosis - causes of neck injury, advanced osteochondrosis, obesity, inactive lifestyle.Risk, people working on a computer are in the office.In addition to severe pain in the neck, the patient has stated dizziness, inhibition of consciousness, memory deterioration and fatigue.These symptoms are caused by compression of the vertebral artery where nutrients and oxygen enter the brain.
- Coksartrosis or hip joint arthrosis - the main cause of the incident is age -related changes in joint tissue.Risk, people over 45 years old.
- Fingering osteoarthrosis - develops for the same reason as spondylarthrosis.
- Polyrthrosis - characterized by damage to various joints with progressive degenerative processes in it, while ligaments, muscles and tissue joints are involved in the pathological process.
- Spondylarthrosis - damaging destruction is subject to spinal column tissue, the lumbar department.At the risk group of a woman during menopause, since spondylarthrosis lasted against the background of female sex hormone deficiency.
The cause of arthrosis
The formation of arthrosis is facilitated by two reasons - the burden and absence of full nutrition that supplies vitamins, minerals for tissue recovery.Everyone's joints carry loads.Athletes and dancers, with physical work, the burden on their feet are larger, which means that bone joints use faster and require high nutrition.With a quiet lifestyle, the support tools wear more slowly, but also require periodic fabric renewal.
Therefore, the main conditions for destruction and deformation of the joints are lower nutrition, failure to unpack useful components, which are common in cases of metabolic disorders.
We list factors that contribute to the wearing of articular compounds and metabolic disorders:
- Muscle weakness and improper joints.The weakness of one or more muscles increases the burden on the joints and unevenly distributes it into bone compounds.Improper muscle loading is also formed for flat feet, scoliosis, therefore, with this "harmless" disease with age, thirsty cartilage tissue, arthrosis appears.
The probability of arthrosis increases with strong physical energy.
If the daily load exceeds the ability of the bone tissue, the microtraumas are formed.Thickening arises in places of injury, which over time growing and deforming joints;
- Metabolic disorders (gastrointestinal disease - bile stagnation, dysbiosis, gastritis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, metabolic disease - diabetes);
- Psychosomatic causes - psychosomatic arthrosis confirms that the cause of the disease becomes a negative emotional state.Pressure forms muscle cramps, persistent pressure interferes with the nutrition of all tissues (internal organs, bones, joints);
- Descendants (types of metabolism are inherited and their possible infringement, tendency for muscle weakness or incorrect bone formation, to poor digestion - which is the basis for the development of arthrosis in old age).
Arthrosis is a used joint disease that has lost the supply of significant minerals and the ability to overcome burden and destruction.Therefore, with age, the tendency of the disease increases.After 70 years, arthrosis is diagnosed with each second retire.Due to the maximum load falls on the feet (someone moves - walks, stands, walks, jumps), here the first signs of arthrosis are formed.
The mechanism of development of disease
When any of the causes of joint disease with arthrosis arise, the pathological process begins to develop.Their developmental mechanism is not fully studied, but the main stage of the official drug is known.
In the early stages, cartilage tissue structure and abnormal changes in synovial fluid occur.All of this is due to a violation of the metabolic process in which the joint tissue does not receive the required components in sufficient quantities, or is deprived of some of them.
Furthermore, the elasticity of collagen fibers and the flexibility of cartilage are lost, due to the fact that, with nutrient deficiency, hyaluronic acid does not have time to produce softness and flexibility of the composition of collagen fibers.The cartilage is gradually dry, fragile and cracked.The fluid in the synovial capsule gradually runs out and then completely disappears.
On cartilage, roughness, solid bone neoplasms are formed.At the same time, other joint tissue deformation develops, their pathological degeneration, disruption and loss of physiological activity.For patients, these changes mean the appearance of pain, deficiencies, and joint immobility.
Symptoms of arthrosis
Arthrosis is not characterized by acute clinical pictures, changes in the joints are progressive, slowly develop, which are characterized by a gradual increase in symptoms:
- ill;
- periodically the crisis arises in the affected joints;
- the joint deformation that appears and increases when the disease lasts;
- stiffness;
- Mobility restrictions (reducing the amount of active and passive movement in affected joints)
The pain in the arthrosis is temporary of stupid, appearing while moving, fighting the background of intensive load, by the end of the day (it can be so intense that it does not allow the patient to sleep).The ongoing and non -naturally natural pain of arthrosis is unclear and indicates the presence of active inflammation (subcondral bone, synovial membrane, ligament or periarticular muscle).
Most patients note the presence of starting pain in the morning after waking up or after a short period of time and passing during motor activity.Many patients determine this condition as a necessity for "developing joints" or "dispersed".
Arthrosis is characterized by morning stiffness, which has a clear and short localization (no more than 30 minutes), sometimes it is seen by the patient as a "jelly feeling" in the joints.Maybe jamming feelings, stiffness.
With the development of reactive synovitis, the main symptoms of arthrosis combine:
- pain and increased local temperature determined by affected joint palpation;
- persistent nature of pain;
- increased joints in volume, swelling of soft tissue;
- Progressive reduction in the amount of movement.
Level and level of arthrosis
During the disease, the drug distinguishes three stages that have differences in the symptoms of the disease, the intensity of damage and the localization.At the same time, differences in the third -three stages related to the type of fabric that undergo pathological changes.
- The first stage of the development of joint arthrosis is the early phase of the disease.It is characterized by a small wound of cartilage and loss of physiological function in collagen fiber.At the same time, in the first stage, small morphological disorders of the bone tissue and structural changes in synovial fluid are observed.Joint cartilage is covered with cracks, the patient has little pain in the pathological localization area.
- The second degree is the development of arthrosis with dynamic improvement.This stage is characterized by the appearance of stable pain, Chroma.Morphological cartilage and dystrophic cartridges are significantly observed, during diagnosis, bone growth is lowered.Osteophytes are formed - a visual growth of the visual site of the site of destruction.At the same time, the process of degenerative change in the synovial capsule occurs, leading to a lack of structure.Diseases in this phase can often worsen and become commonplace.The pain gradually becomes constant.
- The third degree is an active development.At this stage, synovial fluid is almost absent due to degeneration, and bone tissue suddenly.Joint mobility is almost absent, the pain becomes more prominent.Cartilage tissue is also absent due to degenerative and atopic changes.The third stage treatment of joint arthrosis is considered impractical.
In addition to the three degrees of pathological development, there is a final stage - the irregular destruction of all tissues together.In this phase, it is impossible not only to perform productive therapy, but also to eliminate the pain syndrome.
The process of inflammation usually begins with the second level of damage, in rare cases, without medical intervention - in the first stage.Furthermore, it becomes more difficult to stop it, and this can lead to secondary pathology, the development of pathogenic microflora in the localization of the disease.
To exclude serious consequences, treatment should start from the first stage, and the use of intensive care methods.At the last stage associated with complete destruction of cartilage tissue, only one methodology for riding the patient from pain and joint immobility is allowed - endoprosthetics with complete replacement or partial joint component.
Consequence
As a result of the soon -time treatment and launching joint arthrosis -sendi full of complications such as:
- defects;
- deformation without the possibility of recovery;
- the appearance of the vertebrate;
- inactive or non -moving joints;
- Reduces quality and standard of living.
Chronic courses, in addition to these complications, are accompanied by intense and frequent pain, complete destruction of joint structure components, discomfort, inability to perform physical work and play sports.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis of arthrosis is based on anamnestic data evaluation, manifestation of disease characteristics, the results of instrumental research methods.Indicative changes in general blood tests and biochemistry for arthrosis are not characteristic, they only appear with the development of active inflammatory processes.
The main instrumental method for diagnosing arthrosis is radiography, in the case of unclear diagnostic, computed or magnetic rejection tomography is recommended.
Knee and hip joint arthrosis occupies the main place in terms of severity of clinical manifestations and negative effects on the quality of life.
Additional diagnostic methods:
- Atraumatic arthroscopy;
- Ultrasonography (assessment of articular cartilage thickness, synovial shell, joint bag condition, presence of fluid);
- Scintigraphy (assessing bone tissue conditions that form joints).
How to treat arthrosis?
It is best to treat joint arthrosis in the early stages, the treatment itself should be pathogenetic and complex.The point is to eliminate the causes that contribute to the development of the disease, it is also necessary to eliminate inflammation changes and restore the function that has been lost earlier.
Arthrosis treatment is based on several basic principles:
- Joint saturation with oxygen, or intraarticular oxygenotherapy.
- Therapy with medicine.
- Intra -focused blockade, as well as metaepifiz compression.
- A rational approach to nutrition.
- Damaged joints should be removed from excess load.If possible, during treatment, it must be reduced generally to a minimum.
- Following the established orthopedic regime.
- Physiotherapy training classes.
- Physiotherapy routes, which include magnets and electrotherapy, shock waves, and laser therapy.
- Sanatorium treatment.To do this, it needs to be once a year, at the recommendation of a doctor, undergoing course treatment at a specific resort.
Preparation for the treatment of arthrosis
Drug treatment is carried out in the severity of arthrosis, selected by a specialist.Personal medicine is unacceptable due to possible side effects (for example, the negative effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastric mucosa).
Therapy includes the purpose of the drug:
- Anti -inflammation.Starting arthrosis therapy is comprehensive, you can slow down the disease and largely improve the quality of life.It is worth staying in more detail at some point of treatment.In particular, therapy with medicine is included in the early stages - this is the removal of pain, as well as the elimination of inflammation processes that occur in the joints.For this, all doctors use anti -anti -non -sorts of drugs.Experienced doctors do not recommend their oral use, as these medicines largely irritate the stomach wall.Therefore, depending on the drug selected, whether intravenous or intramuscular administration is used.Sometimes as an additional means, NSAIDs are used in the form of ointments, but the absorption is very low, so it is not possible to achieve a significant effect.
- Hormone corticosteroids.When arthrosis is at a severe stage, hormone corticosteroids are advised.They are inserted into the joints.Outside, you can use special patches, ointments or tinctures, made on the basis of burning peppers.
- Chondroprotectors aimed at restoring cartilage and increasing the high composition of synovial fluid will not be excessive.The course lasts for a long time until the time has occurred.However, if the expected effect does not appear more than half a trick, the medication should be canceled.Also intra -fast, together with chondroprotectors, it is advisable to use medicines made based on hyaluronic acid.They contribute to the formation of cell membranes responsible for the formation of joint cartilage.
Physiotherapy treatment
To stop pain, reduce inflammation, improve micro -circulation and eliminate muscle cramps with arthrosis, directed to physiotherapy:
- In the exacerbation phase.Setting laser therapy, magnetotherapy and ultraviolet irradiation,
- In the pardon phase.Electrophoresis and phonophyes are indicated.
In addition, heat procedures are used, sulfide, radon and sea bath.To strengthen the muscles, electrical stimulation is performed.Soft massage can also be used in the pardon phase.
Surgical
With the inefficiency of this exposure method, with the presence of complications, using arthrosis surgery:
- Metaepifiz decomposition and prolonged intraosseous blocks (decreased intraosseous pressure in the affected area);
- Correction osteotomy;
- Actoprosthetics joints.
In the early stages of the disease, mechanical debate, laser or cold (smoothing damaged cartilage surface, unused area removal).This method effectively stops the pain syndrome, but has a temporary effect of 2-3 years.
The recovery of the people
Most people at the time we don't want to take pills or injections.Therefore, they wonder - how to cure arthrosis with the help of people's remedies?For the most part, such funds aim to improve body tone, improve blood circulation, relieve pain and increase immunity.
For the treatment of this disease, traditional medicine recipes are used:
- Egg solutions are made from fresh egg yolk, mixed with turpentine and apple vinegar in a 1: 1: 1 ratio. The liquid must be carefully mixed and scars with affected joints throughout the night.Then you need to wrap everything with a hair scarf.It is recommended to do a rubbing for 1 month 2-3 times a week.
- Pharmacies are purchased by Eleasil Roots.As a rule, it faces a 50 g pack.For the preparation of tincture, it will take half a pack of plant roots and 150 ml of high quality vodka.The ingredients are mixed, placed in dark bottles and insisted for 12 days.Rubbings are done before bed, and if possible in the morning.
- The use of boiled oats also produces good results.Take three or four tablespoons of oats, pour boiling water and cook over low heat for five to seven minutes.The amount of water used should ensure the receipt of thick porridge, which should be cooled and used as a compress at night.Use only new boiled fragments.Yesterday's porridge for compress was inappropriate.
- Birch leaves, nettles and inflorescence calendula are taken in the same section.As a result, you need to get two tablespoons.We fold the chopped collection in the thermos, pour one liter of boiling water and let it overnight.Starting next in the morning, take half a glass of stew four to five times a day.The course of taking this recipe is two to three months.
Review of bay leaves, carrots, garlic and cereals are also considered effective.Treatment of arthrosis with folk medicine will be the most effective if you combine it with treatment with medicines.
Eat for arthrosis
The basic principles of nutrition for arthrosis are reduced to the following:
- Do not eat heavy food for the night so as not to cause arthrosis.
- Eat fractions.
- Constantly monitor weight, to prevent weight gain,
And this means additional burden on the joints. - When there is no problem with the disease, take hiking after eating.
- The menu must be balanced, arranged with the attending physician.
There are no complaints about fish dishes - they can be used enough, of course, in reasonable quantities.
- Don't forget about taking regular vitamins with foods.For patients with arthrosis, vitamin B is very relevant
- An important role in the treatment of arthrosis is given to cold men.Such foods will be the real warehouse of the trace element for the joints.The most important component of the cold is the natural collagen.
- Vitamin B will help with hemoglobin production.It can be "obtained" by eating bananas, nuts, cabbages and potatoes.It is worth carrying with greenery and nuts.They will be a source of folic acid.Liver, mushrooms, dairy products, and eggs will be useful.They are rich in riboflavin.
Observing the treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor, it can be achieved that the disease will retreat, and the damaged tissue will begin to recover.
Prevention
Prevention of arthrosis begins with proper nutrition.It is necessary to reduce salt consumption, as well as foods that can interfere with metabolism.These include beans, fatty meat, alcohol.Diet includes cabbage, vegetables and fish.
For the prevention of arthrosis, it is necessary to attend Physical Education classes, making it warm.If possible, it is best to pass a few kilometers on foot.It is also important to monitor your weight and prevent weight gain, as this will put additional burden on the inflamed joints.It is not recommended to take pills to lose weight, as they can interfere with metabolism in the body.
Prophesy
Life predictions are good.Social and labor prediction priorities depend on the timing of the diagnosis and the onset of treatment, reduced when tightening the resolution of the disease treatment issue if necessary.